In Type 1 diabetes, what happens to the pancreas?

In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas fails to produce insulin due to the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells located in the islets of Langerhans. This lack of insulin production is a critical characteristic of Type 1 diabetes, as insulin is essential for regulating blood sugar levels. Without sufficient insulin, glucose cannot efficiently enter the body's cells for use as energy, leading to elevated blood glucose levels.

This condition typically arises early in life, which distinguishes it from Type 2 diabetes, where insulin production continues, but its effectiveness is diminished due to insulin resistance. The absence of insulin in Type 1 diabetes requires individuals to rely on external insulin administration to manage their blood sugar levels and maintain overall metabolic health. Understanding this mechanism is essential for managing Type 1 diabetes and for devices or treatments designed to support individuals with the condition.