What nutrient is deemed essential for pregnant women?

Folic acid is considered an essential nutrient for pregnant women primarily because of its critical role in fetal development. It is vital in the synthesis and repair of DNA and is crucial during the early stages of pregnancy, specifically in the formation of the neural tube, which develops into the infant's brain and spinal cord. Adequate intake of folic acid before and during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects and other serious brain and spinal cord abnormalities.

Pregnant women are encouraged to consume folic acid supplements or foods rich in this nutrient to meet the increased demands during gestation. While other nutrients like iron, vitamin D, and calcium are also important throughout pregnancy for various health reasons—such as supporting increased blood volume, bone health, and overall maternal and fetal well-being—none have the same level of immediate impact on neural development as folic acid does. This is why folic acid stands out as the essential nutrient specifically highlighted for pregnant women.